Library Statement of Goals Essay

I have submitted my application for admission into the Kent State School of Library and Information Science as an avenue for professional growth within my current career. As a former Spanish teacher and currently a computer technology teacher, it is important to pursue the MLIS as current librarians seek retirement and technology continues to infiltrate libraries across our nation. I am currently interested in pursuing the MLIS plus the K-12 licensure in order to serve in an urban school library setting. My current teaching assignment of computer technology lends itself to a smooth transition from the classroom to a librarian position as our school district places more emphasis on digital media. I remain fully committed to providing instruction to students; however, with teachers and school librarians retiring in droves, I fear that our schools will be left with overworked teachers and no librarians in our schools. By completing the MLIS degree, I will be accomplishing an additional career objective. I remain committed to my career goals that were previously established many years ago. My first goal was accomplished by completing my undergraduate course of study at the University of Cincinnati. My second career goal was to obtain my M. Ed. In School Administration and I accomplished that particular goal in the year 2000. My third goal, albeit somewhat personal, was to earn my private pilot’s license, and I successfully completed that task in 2001. My fourth career oriented goal was to transition from teaching Spanish to teaching computer science with an ultimate goal of finishing the required courses to earn the MLIS degree. I am currently in the middle of this goal. After speaking to our retiring librarian, she suggested that I apply my technology expertise and apply for the vacant school librarian position. Our current librarian highly encouraged me to seek at least the minimum courses for K-12 certification. After speaking with Dr. Sarah Harper and educating myself about the MLIS program and learning about the additional career opportunities associated with the MLIS, I have decided to pursue this additional graduate degree. The role of the librarian appears to be shifting from the traditional aspects of managing a library to more of the role as a librarian media technologist. An important current issue of the library is to also serve as a digital media center due to the increased technology needs facing libraries. I am greatly interested in this transition as many school librarians almost double as the digital media technologist. Colleges and universities are also adopting the model of librarian media technologist to enhance the needs of such educational institutions. As our digital technology library needs grow, I foresee a point where the current traditional school librarian could potentially be at a slight disadvantage without minimal technology background. I firmly support digital media; however, print media is equally as important. It will be the role of the librarian to determine which media shall remain in print edition for students, and which media will transition to digital media. Another current issue that is important is to fully integrate the school library as an extension of the classroom. It is important to fully utilize the library beyond the common routine of â€Å"pulling books† for a specific course. Instead, it would be beneficial to teachers and students if the library were to be established as an academic department. Establishing meaningful collaboration between the library personnel and teachers will foster a learning environment conducive to learning. As a school librarian, a goal should be to create a library setting that embeds the role of the library into the classrooms. Instead of thinking of the library as an independent space of a school, the library now serves as an extension of the classroom. However, it is equally important to keep in mind, the school librarian is not able to provide content specific instruction, but rather, instruction on how to locate the resources required for the specific content. It is important for the librarian to serve as an instructional partner in the learning process. Finally, another current issue that I believe is important is increasing the mobility of the library. Technology has advanced to where it is no longer required to leave the house and go to the library to seek and acquire information. With nearly all of our students owning a mobile device, whether it is a cellular telephone, iPad, Nook, mobile devices are changing the way information is delivered and accessed. While students easily have access to the internet through mobile devices, it is equally important that students have access to digital records housed in the library. Furthermore, many library users have learned the convenience of downloadable e-books. As teachers, students, and others navigate away from the traditional book delivered in print, it will be important for the librarian to explore new ideas and collaboratively implement a plan to cost effectively deliver more data via mobile devices.

Child Development of Infant Toy Essay

We were given the assignment to create toy for a baby from things available in a home. I chose to create a toy for babies in the late infancy stage. My toys are â€Å"Noise shakers†. I took three water bottles, took off their wrappers, and in each one I added different things to create different sounds. In one bottle I put bells, in another bottle I put rice, and then in my 3rd bottle I added colorful craft beads. I filled all three bottles half way so there was room for the objects to move freely and create their different sounds. I then used something called Gorilla glue to attach the bottle caps. After that I covered the cap with two layers of colorful duct tape, so that it was extra secure, as well as adding color to the cap area. The age for this toy is 12 to 36 months. It falls in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage and the early part of the preoperational stage. Although this toy would not be for under 12 months or above 36 months. During the sensorimotor stage between 12 and 18 months â€Å"infants develop new behaviors that allow them to achieve their goals. Although the child still repeats actions over and over, now he does it with a planned variation to see what happened when I do this!† (P, 235/Levine). For example, the child will think, â€Å"when I shake this bottle I hear the sound†. This toy will stimulate the child’s senses; when the baby shakes it, it makes a sound. Also, these bottles have a soft but bumpy texture to the touch. This is important, because infants/young children take in information from their sense. This toy will encourage their growth of symbolic activity. When shaking these bottles, the young child will pretend they are different musical instruments; this is symbolic because they use one object to represent another. Piaget states that â€Å"During the Cognitive Development Theory stage 6 (18 months to 2 years) the beginning of thought, children seem to think out situations more internally, before they act.† (p.94/ Crain). The developmental theory that informed the design of this toy falls under Piaget’s Cognitive- Developmental Theory, and the Development of the Senses, along with increased sensor-motor intelligence. When the baby shakes each bottle it gives a different sound, the child will shake one and hear bells, then shake the bottle containing rice and get that sound. They learn their actions get different results. The child develops their own schemes due to their own curiosity. Citation: Child Development: An Active Learning Experience/ Levine, Laura/ Sage publishing/ 2011 Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications/ Crain, William/ 2nd Edition/ 1985 Photo of Toy:

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Colonialism History Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Colonialism History Essay Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by the people of another territory. It can also be defined as the control that a country or government holds over the territory and the people in a foreign country. It is also the policy of extending national authority over foreign territories. This is when the people of a particular region do not have control over anything in their territory. Colonialism took place because some countries were powerful than other countries even though they were small regionally they dominate it because of their own reasons. Before colonialism, there were no schools, churches and industries, survival required hard work and sacrifice. Resources were one of the main reasons why the British colonised Africa and generating wealth for their mother country, because of this many people in the colonies were forced to slavery or labourers to work on plantation, they planted cash crops such as cocoa and tobacc o. The colonies tried using Native Americans slaves but Native Americans knew the land and ran away because plenty of them died due to diseases and other things. The colonies also paid for Europeans to immigrate to the years. In return, the immigrants worked without pay for a number of years. All the colonies used slave labour; they enslaved thousands of Africans to toil on their fields. The mouth of the slaves were pierced and locked with padlock so that they won’t eat from what they were planting especially the sugar plantation and also with chains on their necks, hands and legs. The slaves were treated as if they were not humans by the colonial masters, they maltreated them badly by treating them cruelly beating them, starving or even killing them; it reduced the population of Africa because most of the slaves died because of hunger and also there was no people to farm and provide food for those who were not captured because all the strong and young men who could farm wher e captured, it led them to poverty. Slavery destroyed civilization and led to the underdevelopment of the colonies. Africans were looked upon as inferior and dull people who are only good at working as labourers and doing house works by the colonial masters. The children of slaves automatically became slaves too Lack of respect for traditions is an effect of colonialism, the traditions of the colonies where not respected by the colonial masters, they did not value the culture of their colonies at all, they completely took over the way of life of their colonies. The traditions of the people were abandoned by the colonial masters especially the French in their colonies; they tried to make the people French in the mode of dressing, language and other things (policy of assimilation), which of course worked in some areas and didn’t in some. The colonies made the people to adapt to new culture because the colonial masters believe that their culture is superior to that of the black. But also colonialism removed and abolished the bad part of pre-colonial culture because it had the power to eliminate damaging social trends and older ideals. Before the coming of colonial masters; in some part of West Africa especially Nigeria twins were killed because they were considered as evil, taboo or some sort of bad luck to their parents. They either throw them in the jungle to die or drown them in rivers, with the advance of colonialism that practice was abolished and is regarded as a primitive and horrific practice and stopped it. They also stopped the bad way women were treated, women back then were seen as baby producing machine, they were disdain in the society, arranging the house and cooking meal was what it was believed they were good at. With the advancement of colonialism Sati practice was abolished in India. Sati was traditional practice whereby the first wife of a deceased husband would throw herself or be thrown at the fire on the day of her husband’s f uneral it serves as a way through which she will show her mourning.

Investments in Emerging Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investments in Emerging Countries - Essay Example Higher global crude oil price is expected to benefit Russia’s economic recovery. But this benefit will be carried away by the expected capital outflows. The capital outflow of Russia is much higher compared to that of the inflow. Business Risks in Czech Republic: The political risk of Czech Republic is lesser compared to that of Russia. Rising oil price is one of the business risks in Czech Republic. Annual oil production of the country is much below its annual oil consumption. (Theodora, 2011) Therefore, the rising oil bills will increase cost of production and paving way for an inflationary situation in the country. Another risk of the country is the strict legal system. Bureaucracy is at an increased rate in the country. Another risk factor is that the capital market of the country is small. Czech Republic is mostly an export related economy with majority of its exports being to other European countries. Therefore, the performance of the country’s economy depends lar gely on the stability of other European nations. Best Investment: The analysis of business risks at both the countries show that Czech Republic is better placed with less investment risks than Russia. Economic factors are positive to Czech Republic than Russia. Therefore, Czech Republic is the better investment destination than Russia. Works Cited World Economic Forum (2010) Current Investment Risk in Russia. Retrieved May 20 2011.

VeraSun Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

VeraSun Energy - Research Paper Example In order to produce biodiesel from dried distillers grains, VeraSun energy has begun some units in Aurora and South Dakota recently. The major biodiesel product of VeraSun energy is E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline for use in Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs). E 85 is marketed under the trade name VE 85. The company has around 150 VE85 retail locations fifteen American states. VeraSun energy company holds many â€Å"industry firsts† in its category such as: the first 100 million-gallon-per-year dry-grind production facility, the countrys first branded E85, VE85 ®; the first ethanol producer to form strategic alliances with Ford Motor Company, General Motors, and Enterprise Rent-A-Car to increase awareness and availability of E85, and the first company to place an E85 retail station in the Washington D.C. metro area etc (VeraSun Energy). Even though at the beginning, VeraSun Energy created lot of waves in the energy market, currently it is facing many challenges. In fact it is struggling for survival now. This paper briefly analyses the challenges faced by VeraSun Energy and possible solutions to overcome these challenges. Steil (2008) has mentioned that â€Å"VeraSun Energy has filed for bankruptcy. Its the latest in a series of problems for ethanol producers, whove had to deal with huge swings in corn costs and falling ethanol prices†(Steil). Because of the global recession, the company has faced many challenges in 2008. The demand for its product has come down drastically whereas the prices of the raw materials increased a lot. Corn is the major raw material used by VeraSun Energy to produce bio fuels. The fluctuations in corn prices caused big problems to VeraSun Energy. The company placed bets in heavy amounts on rising prices of corn. But because of the unexpected recession, the corn prices have fallen down and the company faced many challenges. Because of

Variable Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Variable Selection - Essay Example They prefer when the stepwise selection method is used in the algorithm of data analysis programs such as SAS and SPSS. Based on my personal experience I think the author is correct, forward and backward selection produces better results in varied conditions as opposed to stepwise selection. A good selection technique that I have in mind will involve the use of estimation of empirical samples through the use of repeated sampling of data samples. This algorithm allows for the approximation of the distributed test statistics will be usable in small scale data where the large scale results may not hold. This algorithm is efficient because it helps solve the mistake of automated variable selection methods. There are other designed algorithms that are employed under various situations. One that is interesting is the Naà ¯ve Bayes which is based on the Bayes theorem. I think it is not an efficient algorithm because it generalizes samples which easily occurs to errors in analysis of the data

Business Plan For A Company In The Food Industry. Ricer Essay

Business Plan For A Company In The Food Industry. Ricer - Essay Example The services will be based cash on delivery and cash with order. Ricer’s services will be commonly known as Ricer Vending Units. The original trial was conducted in October 25th, 2012 which was highly applauded by most residents within the city and projected to be a success once it will be launched. The business intends to expand gradually through franchises to other cities and states in the next ten years. Market Analysis The business is projected to be worth  £ 250,000 which will serve the local markets that are vast and well segmented. The population consists of 50.6% of female and 49.4% of men while the median age is around 34.8 years and the entire working population is 311,300 and the residential population goes at 506,800 according to statistics done in mid 2009. The City has a higher young age profile which will form an essential market for the Ricer’s products. This profile of the population reveals that the target consumers will most likely be the young and vibrant students and the working group. Thus the products will be distributed near colleges and University campuses, weekend markets and other convenient places such as leisure parks (Daniels, 2002, p. 53). Strategy and Implementation Ricer aims to create a brand recognition using its Ricer vending Units through positioning strategically in the entire business district within the city. Upon achieving the brand recognition, the services will be provided and eventually they will be available in major superstores and supermarkets (Stokes and Wilson, 2010, p. 3). Moreover, Ricer will then provide franchises to foster further expansion. 1.5 Management The Ricer will be owned by two ladies with massive experience in the business management, product promotion and hospitality industry. The pioneers are based from two different diversities which include; Chinese culture and the English culture. They were previous staff of a renowned restaurant in the world having worked for about ten years. They intend to employ other staff to help them in the preparation and distribution of food to the target market in the streets. 1.6 Financial Plan Ricer is projected to have a formidable starting financial base even though it will need extra funding to accomplish its goals and objectives. According to the analysis of the forecasts the revenue from the business is expected to grow to ? 7.5 million by year 5 and subsequently to ? 15.75 million by year 10 with an EBITDA amounting to ? 5 million by year 5. An initial survey from the streets it was determined that the firm would need to sell 75 meals to breakeven. The profound financial strategy ascertains that the firm will be more favorable as an acquirement for exit (Bhide?, 2000, p. 5). 1.7 Start-up funds and expenses This business plan will attract the following start up funds and start-up expenses. Start-up Expenses Legal ? 250 Marketing consultants ? 750 Design costs ? 2,500 Payroll expenses ? 12,000 Fuel costs ? 2,500 Business and Liability cover policy ? 5000 Total Expenses ? 23000 Start-up Assets Cash needs ? 250,000 Start-up Inventory ? 50,000 Other Short term assets ? 25,000 Total Short Term Assets ? 25,000 Non-current Assets ? 50,000 Total Assets ? 400,000 Start-up Funding for the fast food firm Investment for the business Rickrosly ? 150,000

Evolving role of state and federal government in U.S. education Essay

Evolving role of state and federal government in U.S. education - Essay Example Since the era of 1867, the government has been a key factor towards enacting an educational system to fit the needs of its citizens. The creation of this organization was the hallmark of emphasis of creating a system in which the government can associate itself with the school system. The Department of Education which was created in 1867 aimed to establish a foundation for the implementation of a public school system. Two Decades later, the Second Morrill Act on 1980 became a critical component towards administering grants to colleges and academic centers throughout the nation. The utilization of taxes to fund Federal aid to schools became a vital piece towards harnessing the growth of the system itself. Post World War II, the Federal government spear headed a strong push towards extending support from government bureaucrats. One of the most notorious bills was known as the â€Å"GI Bill,† which authorized postsecondary education assistance enabling many young war veterans to return to their secular education. The initiation of the Cold War was a reality check for the Federal government as tensions continued to flare between both sites. Congress quickly stepped into action and passed the 1958 National Defense Education Act, which allowed individuals to focus their attention in math and science in order to combat the innovation of the Soviets. This again was critical as it enabled American citizens to improve their critical and analytical skills in all aspects of academic education. Furthermore, it enabled individuals to pursue post secondary education and obtain a graduate degree. If the â€Å"GI Bill† was not sufficient to address the deficiencies in the educational system, the Title IX was the cure that literally transformed the dynamics of the educational system. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 undoubtedly diminished the gender disparities that

Lab report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab report - Essay Example Apart from primary aluminum obtained from bauxite, secondary aluminum and aluminum compounds are obtained through recycling. Recycling aluminum prevents depletion of aluminum ore reserves. Compared with primary production, production of secondary aluminum requires a lower amount of energy. (Davis, 1993) One compound that can be obtained by chemical treatment of used aluminum is potash alum. Potash alum or common alum (potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) is a double salt. The Al3+ ions in alum act as flocculating agent during water treatment and purification and also as a blood congealer in medicine. (Atkins & de Paula, 2006) To investigate a possible method for recycling used aluminum cans, potash alum was prepared from a piece of aluminum can. Feasibility of the recycling process was studied by calculating the percentage yield. Collecting and weighing aluminum. The aluminum beverage can was washed. A 5Ãâ€"8 cm piece of aluminum was cut from the can. Paint from the outer surface of the can and plastic from the inner surface of the can were scraped off. The aluminum piece was cut into small squares. The aluminum squares were weighed and 0.996 g of aluminum was placed in a 250 mL beaker. Addition of potassium hydroxide. To the aluminum in the beaker, 50 mL of 1.4 M potassium hydroxide was added. The reaction mixture of aluminum and KOH was heated on a hot plate in the hood. Heating was stopped when the mixture turned grey. Vacuum filtering. Vacuum filtration apparatus was set up. The hot solution was vacuum filtered. The beaker used was rinsed with distilled water (5 mL) and this solution was also vacuum filtered. The filtrate obtained was cooled in an ice-water bath for a few minutes. Addition of sulfuric acid and crystallization of alum. To the cooled filtrate, 20 mL of 9.0 M sulfuric

Belonging creativwe writting Essay Example for Free

Belonging creativwe writting Essay It has been a year since I moved out of home to attend a prestigious school. I have met new people, made new friends, and gotten use to moving around this town since when I first arrived. Although I am extremely happy about where I stand today, I’ve started to get this uneasy feeling, is it because I haven’t been feeling well or is it because I’ve started to dream more about those back at my home town. I’m running late to school again, if mum was here I wouldn’t hear the end of how I’m going to be scolded by the teacher, as much as I hated hearing it I wonder why I’m remembering it now. I got to school 10 min late for the first period. I got scolded by the teacher and got held back in class for the time I lost. I looked out the window and remembered back at school at my home town, always causing mischief and constantly being scolded, I felt a little bit happy and nostalgic mesmerising the past. It was time for roll call. I had to give a note to the teacher explaining why I was late. Rather than being scolded, he gave me short lesson of advice on how to prioritize my time. At some point I looked around the class seeing all my friends talking and laughing, it reminded me back of back at school in my home town. It was the same, although when the teacher would try to give me advice I would argue, and frustrate the teacher. I acted like a child always thinking I was right. It made me giggle a bit of how much mischief I use to get myself into. The teacher asked me if I found anything he said was funny, I apologised for being rude and listened to what he had to say until the bell for recess rung. My close friends weren’t at school today, they had a field trip for biology so I sat by myself on the silver seats in the shade and took out my recess. Watching everyone talk and play made me feel a bit lonely, it reminded me of when I first moved here, I thought I wasn’t going to make any friends and I was too shy and afraid to talk to anyone so I sat by myself at recess. Although now it’s different I have good friends here that make me happy. Then I remembered my childhood friends, all the games we played, all the laughs we had, all the arguments and fights, it felt nostalgic it brought a smile to my face that I haven’t shown in a while and it also hurt me just as much when I remember the day I left to come to this school. I wonder if they still think about me, I wonder how they all are, are they fine, are they doing well, are they still the same even without me being there and causing mischief. I wonder. Recess finished, and now I have my Health and PE class. When I arrived at class, I found a substitute teacher. He announced that our teacher will not be teaching for the rest of the week as they are sick. Instead of giving out the work he allowed us to have PE for both periods, he gave out a range of sports for us to choose form, once we decided we were playing. Everyone was sweating and laughing and enjoying themselves. I remembered back at my old school in my hometown when we would trick the substitute teacher in letting us play for two periods and the ruckus we caused because of it, it made me laugh a little bit and continued to play. ` Class ended, everyone is tired and exhausted. I went down for lunch and saw my friends; they had come back from their trip. I felt a little relieved it let me forget about a little about leaving my old friends. We talked about their trip and what they did, it seemed like they had a lot of fun. As we finished our lunch and headed towards the field and we lie down in our usual spot and relax and talk about what ever came to our mind. Without noticing the lunch bell rang and we stayed, everyone was leaving but we were too busy chatting we didn’t notice. Then a girl came running to tell us we’d be scolded again if we were late again after lunch. As we walked towards class I couldn’t take my eyes off her, I’ve had a crush on her since I came to this school, I don’t know why but it feels as though I’ve known her from somewhere. Then once again I remembered the girl I liked in my old school, I could never talk to her, I was too shy despite my mischievous self. I felt a little down because in the end I never told her before I moved and kept thinking if the same would happen again. During the last two periods I slacked off a little trying to think why I’ve been thinking so much about my old friends, about my home town. I couldn’t come up with an answer, but it hurt, it hurt so much, that I didn’t feel like I belonged here, but why? I’ve made good friends here; I feel at ease, I even have someone I like so why does it hurt so much. The final bell rang and it was time to head home, I didn’t feel like going home so I took a detour and went the longer way around, a longer way than usual that I didn’t know where I was going but kept going. I found myself on top of a hill; there was a small field of grass going down the hill. I took my bag off and sat down. I remembered that when I always felt upset and lonely I’d run off to a secret spot behind the woods of the park in my home town. There would be a grass field just like this. It calmed me down it made me feel like I was back at home, I felt a little relieved. I stayed there for a while, until it started to get dark so I headed back home. On my way I bought a few things to make food at home, on my way home I kept thinking how much I wanted to see my friends and family once again, just once would be enough. I got towards my apartment and saw my light on, I ran, I ran as quick as I could, I swung open the door and said â€Å"Mom, dad I’m home.† I looked around and there was no one; it looks like I forgot to turn off the light before I left again. All these old memories of my home town made my edgy, and showed me just how empty I really was. I finally realised why it hurt so much, and why it wouldn’t go away, and why it kept hurting more and more every time I thought about it. The truth was I was trying to cover up the fact that I truly don’t belong here no matter how much I try my heart and memories are anchored back at home and that’s where they’ll stay.

Types Of Business Organization In The Private Sector Economics Essay

Types Of Business Organization In The Private Sector Economics Essay Consist of privately owned business firm or organization, which are formed when entrepreneurs decide to form a firm for the purpose of producing goods and services. Although the entrepreneur (assuming one person) is the owner is not the same entity. The firm (i.e. company or business organization) has its own legal identity that is separate from its owner or owners. The firm actually is an artificial person, and can make contracts, sue and sued, besides owning property and hiring employees; this legal identity is acquired when the firm becomes an incorporated association. The firm may have only one owner (sole proprietorship) or many owners (e.g. unlimited number of shareholders owning a public limited/ listed company), Sole Trader or Sole Proprietorship It is a form business organization in which a person simply sets up to provide goods or services at a profit. In a proprietorship, the proprietor, or owner, is the firm. The assets and liabilities of the firm are the owners assets and liabilities without limit. Business is one where a single individual uses his own funds to start and operate the business. As such, he is entitled to all the profits generated by the business, while at the same time is also responsible for all the losses that may occurs. The Sole Trader is often responsible for the day-to-day management of the business. No legal obligation to be made available to the public(i.e. publish) the financial accounts of a sole trading business is not incorporated business entity and as such the owner is liable for all debts of the sole proprietorship. Example: Sole Trader Business are: hairdressers storekeepers plumbers electricians PC technicians News agent Neighborhood and groceries etc. Partnership Partnership is unincorporated associations whose membership may range from two to twenty members. Partnerships do not have a separate legal entity. All partners provide the necessary finances for the business and will enjoy both profits and losses in agreed percentages, depending on the contribution of each individual into the partnership. Partnerships have unlimited liability and each partner is jointly liable with the other members for any debt incurred by the business. A partnership agreement is usually drawn up by a lawyer ( or legal council), which details the contribution of each part( in cash or in kind), the role and responsibilities of each partner, conditions under which the partnership may be terminated, distribution or compensation in the event of withdrawal of one partner ( termination of partnership) and options for handling intra-partner disputes. Personal names or trade names can be used as business names, and the Application of Business Name form must be filled in before a business can be registered. 4.) Private Limited Companies Private Limited Company:  Private limited companies are small- to medium-sized businesses that are often run by a  family or small group of owners. Most unlimited companies range from being small and medium sized. Most of the time they are run by family members and closed friends. Usually refers to privately owned firms and organizations with limited liabilities. Private Limited Companies are those shares (to represent shares/ percentage of ownership) held privately by individuals who are usually family members or a small group of acquaintances. The general public cannot subscribe (buy) shares in private companies through the open market (i.e. Stock Exchange). Private Limited Companies is restricted t by law and by the companys rules. In contrast anyone may buy shares in a public limited company. Can be found in most countries, although the detailed rules governing them vary widely. It is also common for a distinction to be made between the publicly tradable companies. A company that does not have share capital, but is guaranteed by its    members who agree to pay a fixed amount in the event of the companys liquidation. Charitable organizations often incorporate using this form of limited liability. Private Limited Companies is flexible form of enterprises that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures. The firm of organizations must work a legal framework which governs what they can or cannot do. The law requires for any new limited liability company to provide two documents: Articles of Association provide details on the internal rules of the company. Although the nature of association between members may vary, the Articles of Association must always contains information; the nominal capital when / how shareholders meeting are to be conducted. Voting rights of the shareholders. name of directors. how the directors are appointed. extent and nature of directors authority. how profits and losses will be distributed. Memorandum of Association provides details on the external rules and relations of the company by defining the constitution and authority of the company. Memorandum must always contain the: company name (must include the words limited). address of the registered office. statement of companys aims( must be legal proper). scope of its activities. amount of capital the company wants to raise. statement that the shareholders liability is limited. Private Corporations Companies registered under the Companies Act and Incorporation most common method that firms used to establish themselves a s a separate legal entity, i.e. only incorporated companies have a separate legal identity. 5.) Public Limited Companies Public Limited Company:  Most unlimited companies range from being small and medium sized. Most of the time they are run by family members and closed friends .They are only liable for the business up to the amount they have invested in the company, and are not liable for the debts incurred by the company unless signing a personal guarantee. And those that are listed on the Stock Exchange and members of the general public can but and sell shares of such companies. Owners of shares (shareholders) in such companies are true owner of the business. Whose operations involves many different business sectors ( e.g. several sectors health care, construction, property development, plantation, manufacturing, tourism, education,etc.) become a conglomerate and if such operation/subsidiaries are located in many different countries, then they become Multi National Companies. As their names implied means that the personal liability of the owners (shareholders) is restricted to the amount of money the individuals owner has invested into the company. 6.) Unlimited Companies Unlimited Companies Unlimited Company is where there is no limit to the members liabilities. It is a hybrid company incorporated either with or without a share capital (and similar to its limited company counterpart) but where the liability of the members or shareholders is not limited that is, its members or shareholders have a joint, several and unlimited obligation to meet any insufficiency in the assets of the company in the event of the companys formal liquidation. Companies that do not have any restriction on the personal liability of the owner. In the even of company making loss, then the owners will be liable for all debts. This may hence require them to sell off their private property and/ or possessions (house, land, cars, furniture, jewelry, etc.) to repay their portion of the debt. A corporation structure that permits a company to be incorporated and flew all profits and losses to share holders, an unlimited company shelters shareholders from liability in most circumstances except upon liquidation of the company. Shareholders or past shareholders that despots of their shares less than one year before liquidation become liable for the debts of the company. 7.) Multinational Companies Multinational Companies is essentially a holding company that owns shares in many subsidiary companies located in many different countries. Each subsidiary companies within the holding company will be subjected to the company law of the host country in which the subsidiary is located. They are usually connected by share ownership as well as managerial control. Examples of multinational includes: Shell, Citibank, Siemens, Nestle, IBM, Philips, etc. Multinational companies providing overseas subsidiaries, access turnover (Net Sales), produce of world output. Suppliers and the leading company in the wholesale distribution market and service industry. Do bring some benefits to developing countries. They provide jobs and increase the wealth of local people. Country gains some wealth by way taxes. However, there is some problem as well. The jobs all often low- skilled and poorly paid. Much of profit will go out the country, and the company may pull out to relocate in a country, where it can make greater profits. Primarily interested in making profits for their shareholders. Paying wages is an expense that the company will try to reduce to as low a level as possible. 8.) Conglomerates A holding company, which owns substantial shareholding in companies (subsidiaries), involved in different sectors.   Like examples sun way groups: civil engineering construction, building materials, trading manufacturing. Conglomerates are strictly diversified business interest in producing a varied and wide range of different products. And it is a corporation whose multiple business units operate in different, often unrelated, areas, management umbrella. In some, but not all, cases, the formerly independent elements conglomerates retain their brand identities, though they are responsible to the conglomerates management. . In reality, conglomerates are very useful to the public because support for the agricultural, manufacturing, and industrial and or services. For examples, the Rank organization own subsidiary companies trading. Question 1 Economic Growth is an increase of capital gross domestic of per capital product (GDP) other measure of aggregate income, typically reported as the annual rate of change in real G.D.P. Economics Growth driven by improvement in productivity , involve producing more goods and services with the same input of labor, capital, energy and materials. ( Mankiw 2007).Economist draw a distinction between economics stabilization and long term economics growth. Economics Growth is primarily concerned with long-run, short -run variation of economics growth is termed the business cycle. Economics Growth also occurs when a society acquires or when society learns to produce more with existing resources. New resources may mean a larger labor force or increased capital stocks. The production and use of new machinery and equipment (capital) increases the productivity of workers. Improved productivity also comes from technological change and innovation. Inflation is the increase in the general level of prices of product and services over a specified period of time. Inflation rate can be estimated by measuring the percentage change in the consumer price index, which indicates the price on wide variety of consumer products such as grocery product, housing, gasoline, medical services and electricity. Inflation can effect a firms operating expenses from producing products by increasing the cost of supplies and materials, wages can also be affected by inflation. A higher level of inflation will case a higher increase in a firms operating expenses. A firms revenue may also be high during periods of high inflation because may firm change higher price to compensate for higher expenses.( N. Gregory Mankiw 2007) Productivity is a measure of output from production process, per unit of input, like labor productivity typically also measured as a ratio of output an input. And also conserve of as a metric of the technical or engineering efficiency of production. In nations where workers are less productive, most people endure a more meager existence. Similarly, growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its of average income. Productivity the average labor or output of a single worker is important to determine the standard of living. Most country facing a slow economics growth is: Former China, Greece and some Eastern Europe countries. Economic problems of every country are: Price Stability One of the key economics growth is to ensure that the price levels within the country is maintained with minimal fluctuations. Fluctuating price levels will create uncertainty, causing a wait- and see attitude among: consumers, who are ensure of buying now or to wait for the price to fall. Instead of falling, price levels may increase and consumers may then be force to forego consumption. firms, who are unsure of investing now since it is possible for the price of capital goods to also fall in the near future. Again, the price level may rise instead of falling thus causing firm to postpone investment since the cost is now higher than expected. Buying or investing at the wrong time may therefore create frustration and dissatisfaction among consumers and firms. On the other hand, continues increase in price levels although more consistent (i.e. everyone is expecting the price to increase) will lead to inflation and its related problems will then surface. Economics Growth faster than Population Growth Economics growth slow needed to spur the people and to improve their standard of living, which is determined by the ratio between economic growth over population growth. If a countrys population grows faster than its economy, then there will be a decline in living standards and this will lead to many social and other economic problems. The same amount of wealth is now distributed over more people, hence everyone gets lesser than before. Standard of living will also decline if the economic growth is slower than the rate of inflation. This means that the people will need to pay more for a similar basket (combination) of goods and services. Therefore, people with fixed incomes can buy lesser (or enjoy a smaller basket of goods and services) as inflation continues. c) Low Unemployment of Resources This is important to ensure that available resources (especially labor) are fully employed to produce more goods and service. When labor, land and capital are fully employed, more income will be earned (i.e. wages, rental and interest) resulting in higher expenditures among the owners of the factors of production (labor, land and capital respectively). Excess production may also be exported to other countries to earn foreign exchange, making a country economically stronger, in relation to the rest of the world. Countries with high unemployment will tend to have more economic and social problems, such as the following: higher crime rates and corruption activities (since people may resort to illegal means to get more money). health problems and malnutrition (since some people will not eat enough to eat or to have proper diets). D) Equitable Distribution of Income and Wealth It is important for a country to have a fair distribution of income and wealth among its people. The gap between the rich and poor must not be too great. The government must therefore practice an equitable resource allocation system deciding: what to produce? how much to product? for whom to product? Disparity in wealth ownership and distribution will also create various and economics problems. This problem results in low demand for products and services which can reduce a firms revenue. Even the firms that provide basic products or services are adversely affected by a slow economic because customers tend to reduce their demand. The potential impact of slow economic growth is reflected some company expect to experience significant fluctuations in future performance due to general economics growth. When economics is negative for two consecutive quarters, the period is referred to as a recession. When Europe is weak. Worker as laid off by firms and therefore have money that they can used to buy product or services. If economics growth slows the impact economic condition can spread quickly across all business. When condition weak some businesses are more affected more other than others. Nevertheless, most business are adversely affected by economic condition because the demand for product in almost all industrial declined( Markin 2007). Conclusion Introduction to Business is a subject in which a little knowledge goes a long way. By now i realize that all countries in the world have a government entrusted with the responsibility to achieve. Economics goals such as attaining price stability, economic growth, low unemployment and equitable distribution of income and wealth. Government today practice mixed economics system as it attempt to solve the economics problem that resulted from their inability to achieve the desire economics goals. Therefore capitalistic in nature with different degree of government intervention. As such, all countries have both a public sector and private sector.